Exam Scheme

Note :-

1. Total Questions: 150
2. Total Marks: 300
3. Duration: 3 Hours
4. All questions are Multiple Choice Type.
5. Negative marking is applicable: one-third of the marks will be deducted for each wrong answer. Wrong answer means an incorrect answer or multiple answers.

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Syllabus : Philosophy-II

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1. Knowledge of Subject concerned : Senior Secondary Level

1. Scientific Method and Logic
   1. Methods of Natural and Social Sciences: Value of Science, Nature and aim of Scientific Methods; Difference between Scientific induction and Induction by simple enumeration; Difference between methods of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences.
   2. Observation and Experiment: Their differences; fallacies of observation.
   3. Science and Hypothesis: The place of hypothesis in scientific method, Formulation of relevant hypothesis. Formal conditions is valid hypothesis. Hypothesis and crucial experiments.
   4. Mill's Methods of Experimental Inquiry: The method of agreement; The method of difference; The joint method of agreement and difference; The method of concomitant variation; The method of residue.
   5. Indian Logic: Introductory Knowledge of 16 categories of Nyaya darshan, difference between various types of debates- Vada, Jalpa, Vitanda, Prama-Aparma, Pramans- Defination & Constituents, Classification of Pramans, Types of Pratyaksa (perception), Anuman(Inference).
   6. The nature and scope of Logic: What is Logic? Use and application of Logic. Difference between Truth and Validity.
   7. Terms and Propositions: Definition of Term; Denotations and Connotation of Terms; Definition of Proposition and traditional classification of Propositions; Distribution of Terms; Relation between Proposition, Traditional Square of Propositions.
   8. Elements of Symbolic Logic: Value of using symbols in Logic, Truth- Tables.

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2. Indian Philosophy

1. Nature of Indian philosophy: Astik and Nastik schools, Main characteristics of Indian philosophy, Concepts of Karma, Rit and Purushartha.
2. Philosophy of Bhagwadgita: Nishkam Karma, Svadharma and Lokasamgraha.
3. Buddhism and Jainism: Four Nobel Truths and eight-fold paths, Pratitayasamutpada, Anenkantavada, Syadvada.
4. Philosophy of Vaisheshik, Samkhya and Yoga: Vaisheshik's theory of Padarthas, Dualism (Prakriti and Purusha) of Samkhya, Yoga- the eight-fold path.
5. Vedanta- Traditional and Modern
   1. Samkara Concept of Brahman and Maya
   2. Vivekananda's Practical Vedanta

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3. Western Philosophy

1. Rationalism
   1. Descartes: Methods of doubt, Proof for the existence of God, The mind-body problem.
   2. Spinoza: Monism, The mind-body problem.
   3. Leibnitz: Monadology and theory of pre-establish harmony.
2. Empiricism
   1. Locke: Empiricism, Refutation of Innate Ideas, Ideas and their classification, distinction between primary and secondary Qualities.
   2. Berkeley: Rejection of Materialism, abstract Ideas and distinction between primary and secondary Qualities, Subjective Idealism.
   3. Hume: View regarding Soul and World. Scepticism.
3. Critical of Philosophy
   1. Kant: Criticism of Empiricism and Rationalism.
4. Causation Theories: Concept of Causation according to Aristotle and Hume.

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4. Knowledge of Subject Concerned : Graduate Level

1. Indian Philosophy
   1. Charvak: Materialism, Refutation of Inference.
   2. Jainism: Nature of Jiva, Theory of Bondage and salvation.
   3. Buddhism: Theory of Kshanikvada (Momenterism), Anatmavada, Nirvana, Vijayanavada, Shumyavada.
   4. Nyaya: Theory of Pramana, Concept of God and Soul.
   5. Veisheshik: Parmanuvada.
   6. Mimansa: Sruti and its importance, Kumaril & Prabhakar schools and their differences.
   7. Vedanta: Advaitavada of Samkara Vishishtadvaitvada of Ramanuja.
   8. Contemporary Indian Philosophy: Philosophy of Shri Arvinda (Evolutionism).
2. Western Philosophy
   1. Greek philosophy: Plato's theory of Ideas, Aristotle's theory of matter and form.
   2. Rationalism: Descartes dualism of Matter and Mind Spinoza's concepts of substance, attributes and Modes.
   3. Empiricism: Epistemology of Locke, Berkeley's theory of "esse est Percepi" and Epistemological theory of Hume.
   4. Critical Philosophy of Kant: Possibility of Synthetic apriori judgement, The Copernican Revolution concept of Time & Space, Categories of Reason, phenomena and Noumena.
3. Ethics
   1. Nature of Normative ethics and Metaethics.
   2. Concept of virtue's in greek philosophy: (socrates, plato and Aristotle)
   3. Moral standards: Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Kant's moral theory of categorical imperative.
   4. Theory of Panchmahavrata: (Jainism) Trustiship and Means-End theory in Gandhiji's moral Philosophy.
4. Logic (Western & Indian)
   1. Aristotelian classification of categorical propositions: square of opposition.
   2. Categorial syllogism: figures and moods, rules of validity fallacies.
   3. Bollean interpretation of propositions: Venn diagram technique of testing the validity of syllogisms.
   4. Theory of inference in Nyaya: definition- Constituents process and types of anumana, Paramarsa, vyapti, Types of Vyapti, Major Hetvabhasa.
   5. Theory of inference in Buddhism: definition- constituents process and types of anumana, Vyapti and types of Vyapti.

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5. Knowledge of Subject Concerned : PG Level

1. Indian Philosophy
   1. Causation Theories: Nyaya, Samkhya, Buddhism and Vedanta.
   2. Nature of Prama: Aprama and Pramanyavad (Nyaya and Mimansa)
   3. Theory of Error: (Nyaya and Mimansa)
   4. Mimansa darshan: Arthapati and Anuplabhadi Praman.
2. Western Philosophy
   1. Moore: Refutation of Idealism.
   2. Russel: Logical Atomism.
   3. Wittegenstein: Picture-theory and Language game.
   4. J. Dewey: Instrumentalism.
3. Applied Ethics
   1. Philosophy and value consciousness.
   2. Environmental ethics.
   3. Professional and Business Ethics.

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6. Part – IV (Educational Psychology, Pedagogy, Teaching Learning Material, Use of computers and Information Technology in Teaching Learning)

1. Importance of Psychology in Teaching-Learning:
   1. Learner
   2. Teacher
   3. Teaching-learning process
   4. School effectiveness
2. Development of Learner: Cognitive, Physical, Social, Emotional and Moral development patterns and characteristics among adolescent learner.
3. Teaching - Learning:
   1. Concept, Behavioural, Cognitive and constructivist principles of learning and its implication for senior secondary students.
   2. Learning characteristics of adolescent and its implication for teaching.
4. Managing Adolescent Learner: Concept of mental health and adjustment problems.
5. Emotional Intelligence: and its implication for mental health of adolescent.
6. Use of guidance techniques: for nurturing mental health of adolescent.
7. Instructional Strategies for Adolescent Learner:
   1. Communication skills and its use.
   2. Preparation and use of teaching-learning material during teaching.
   3. Different teaching approaches: Teaching models- Advance organizer, Scientific enquiry, Information, processing, cooperative learning.
   4. Constructivist principles based Teaching.
8. ICT Pedagogy Integration:
   1. Concept of ICT.
   2. Concept of hardware and software.
   3. System approach to instruction.
   4. Computer assisted learning.
   5. Computer aided instruction.
   6. Factors facilitating ICT pedagogy integration.