Exam Scheme

Note :-

1. Objective type paper.
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. There will be Negative Marking.

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Syllabus : Philosophy-II

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1. UNIT-I: INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
   1. METAPHYSICAL PROBLEMS :-
      1. Nature of Reality ; (Vedic and Non Vedic)
      2. Nature of Self
      3. Concept of Moksha
      4. Theories of Causation
      5. Universal and Particular
      6. Concept of God - proofs for existence and relation with the world.

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2. UNIT-II: INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
   1. EPISTEMOLOGYCAL PROBLEMS :
      1. Nature of Knowledge
      2. Definition and Nature of Prama.
      3. Definition, Natutre and Types of Pramans
      4. Pramanyavada, Anvitabhidhanavada, Abhihitanvayavada.
      5. Theories of Error (Khyativada)
      6. Problems of Meaning.

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3. UNIT -III: WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
   1. METAPHYSICAL PROBLEMS :
      1. Nature of Reality, Appearance and Reality, Monism, Dualism and Pluratism. Being, Nothing and Becoming.
      2. Idealism, Materialism, Realism, Neo-Realism, Nominalism, Essentialism, Atomism, Solipsis.
      3. Rationalism, Empiricism, Logical Positivism.
      4. Existentialism, Phenomenology and Pragmatism.
      5. Concept of God - Defination, Nature and proofs for the existence.
      6. Problem of Universals and Particulars.
      7. Phenomenon and Noumenon.

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4. UNIT -IV : WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
   1. EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBELEMS:
      1. Nature and definition of knowledge, belief and knowledge.
      2. Possibility of knowledge - Scepticism and Agnosticism.
      3. Theories of Truth and Error :- Self --evidence, Correspondence, Cohrence, Pragmatic and Semantic theories.
      4. A priori knowledge, Analytic and synthetic, necessary and contingent, synthetic apriori.
      5. Problems of Scientific Experience: Induction, Deduction, Causality, Probability.
      6. Ways of Knowing: Metaphysical, Dialectical.
      7. Theories of Meaning-Picture theory, Language-Game theory, verifiability theory, pragmatic theory.
      8. Problem of memory, knowledge of other minds.

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5. UNIT-V: WESTERN LOGIC
   1. Inductive and Deductive reasoning.
   2. Truth and validity, Nature of propositions, Categorical syllogism, Laws of thought.
   3. Classification of propositions, Square of opposition.
   4. Truth functions, Argument and Argument Form, Statement form and Statement, Tautology, Contradiction and Contingent, propositional Logic, Quantification and rules of quantification, Proving validity and invalidity.
   5. Set theory and Venn diagram, Relations.

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6. UNIT-VI: INDIAN LOGIC
   1. Anvikshiki, Constituents and types of Anumana in old Nyaya, Navya-Nyaya,
   2. Anvikshiki, Constituents and types of Anumana in Buddhism and Jainism.
   3. Vyapti - Definition, types and formalisation, Types of Hetvabhasa.

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7. UNIT-VII : INDIAN ETHICS
   1. Rita and Satya, Rina and Yajna (Sacrifice), Purushartha, Dharma (Svadharma, Varnashram Dharma),Pravritti & Nivritti.
   2. Doctrine of Karma, Nishkama Karma and Lokasangraha of Bhagvad-Geeta. Non-violence, compassion.
   3. Yoga and Kshema, Jnana, Bhakti and Karma Yoga. Triratnas and Panchshila, Upay kaushal, Brahm vihar, Ashtang Yoga, Ashtang Marg.

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8. UNIT-VIII : WESTERN ETHICS
   1. Concept of good, Right, Justice, Duty and Obligation and Cardinal Virtues.
   2. Nature of Moral Judgement, freedom and determinism, Crime & Punishment.
   3. Ethical Cognitivism and Non-cognitivism, Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Naturalism, Intitionism, Kantian Moral Theory, Emotivism, Prescriptivism, Pragmatism.

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9. UNIT- IX: MODERN INDIAN THINKERS -
   1. Vivekananda- Practical Vedanta, universal religion.
   2. Aurobindo- Evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga.
   3. M.N. Roy- Freedom, ethics, faith.
   4. K.C. Bhattacharya- Concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of maya.
   5. Radhakrishnan- Intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life.
   6. J. Krishnamurti- Freedom from the known, analysis of self.
   7. M.K. Gandhi- Non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization.
   8. B.R. Ambedkar- Varna and the caste system. Neo-Buddhism.
   9. D.P. Chattopadhayaya- Materialism of Spiritualism, Concept of Reality, Man & Nature.

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10. UNIT- X : MODERN CONCEPTS –
    1. Feminism :
       1. Historical Development and its different trends in Indian and Western traditions.
    2. Philosophy of Science : Nature of Scientific Thought
       1. Scientific Method
       2. Realism and Holism
       3. Structuralism and post Modernism