Note :-

1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. There will be Negative Marking.
3. Medium of Competitive Exam: Bilingual in English & Hindi.

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Syllabus : Philosophy-II

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1. UNIT-I: Western Philosophy Metaphysical Theories:-
   1. Monism, Dualism & Pluralism.
   2. Idealism, Realism, Neo-Realism.
   3. Materialism.
   4. Nominalism, Essentialism, Atomism.
   5. Rationalism, Empiricism, Logical Positivism.
   6. Existentialism, Phenomenology & Pragmatism.

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2. UNIT-II: Western Philosophy Metaphysical Problems:-
   1. Appearance & Reality.
   2. Being & Becoming.
   3. Concept of God- Nature & Proofs for its existence.
   4. Problem of Universal & Particular.
   5. Phenomena & Noumena.
   6. Problem of Personal Identity.
   7. Causation.
   8. Matter, Mind & Self.

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3. UNIT -III: Western Philosophy Epistemological Problems:-
   1. Definition and Nature of Knowledge.
   2. Sources of Knowledge.
   3. Possibility of Knowledge: Scepticism & Agnosticism.
   4. Theories of Truth- Self- evidence, Correspondence, Coherence, Pragmatic and Semantic Theories.
   5. A Priori Knowledge, Analytic & Synthetic, Necessary & Contingent, Synthetic a priori.
   6. Problems of Scientific Experience: Induction, Deduction, Causality, Probability.
   7. Theories of Meaning- Picture Theory, Language- Game Theory, Verifiability Theory, Pragmatic Theory.
   8. Problem of Induction.

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4. UNIT -IV: Western Ethics:-
   1. Concept of Summon Bonum.
   2. Good, Right, Justice.
   3. Duty and Obligation.
   4. Cardinal Virtues.
   5. Eudaimonism, Hedonism and Utilitarianism.
   6. Ethical Realism and Intuitionism.
   7. Problem of Evil.
   8. Theories of Punishment & Types of Punishment.
   9. Ethical cognitivism and Non-cognitivism.
   10. Deontological Ethics.
   11. Emotivism, Prescriptivism, Naturalism & Pragmatism.

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5. UNIT-V: Western Logic
   1. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning.
   2. Nature of Proposition.
   3. Truth and Validity.
   4. Categorical Syllogism.
   5. Laws of Thought.
   6. Classification of Propositions.
   7. Square of Opposition.
   8. Venn Diagram.
   9. Formal & Informal Fallacies.

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6. UNIT-VI: Western Advanced Logic
   1. Truth- Functions and Propositional Logic.
   2. Quantification and Rules of Quantification.
   3. Decision Procedures.
   4. Proving Validity and Invalidity.
   5. Argument and Argument Form.
   6. Axiomatic System, Consistency, Completeness.
   7. Set Theory and Relations.

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7. UNIT-VII: Contemporary Concepts -
   1. Feminism- Historical Development and its different trends in Indian and Western Tradition.
   2. Philosophy of Science- Nature of Scientific Thought
      1. Scientific Method
      2. Realism and Holism
      3. Structuralism and Post-Modernism
   3. Business Ethics
   4. Environmental and Bio-Medico Ethics
   5. Cyber Ethics
   6. Human Rights and Social Disparities