Exam Scheme

Note :-

1. Objective type paper.
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. There will be Negative Marking.

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Syllabus : Geography-II

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1. Unit - I
   1. Population Geography: Nature, scope, subject matter and recent trends; patterns of world distribution, growth and density of population; policy issues; patterns and processes of migration; demographic transition; population-resource regions- gender discrimination and empowerment of women with special reference to India.

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2. Unit-II
   1. Settlement Geography: Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; ecological processes of urban growth; spatial pattern and distribution of urban centres; urban fringe; city-region; settlement systems; primate city; rank-size rule; settlement hierarchy; Christaller's central place theory; August Losch's theory of market centers.

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3. Unit-III
   1. Regional Planning: Regional concept in geography; its application to planning; concept of planning region; regional hierarchy; types of regions and methods of regional delineation; conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning; regional planning in India; concept of development; indicators of development; regional imbalances, satellite towns, concepts of smart city.

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4. Unit - IV
   1. Agricultural Geography: Nature, scope, significance and development of agriculture geography; selected agricultural concepts and their measurements; cropping pattern, crop concentration, intensity of cropping, degree of commercialization. Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions; measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Von Thunen's Model; agricultural systems of the world. Effect of Green Revolution.

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5. Unit - V
   1. Industrial Geography: Nature, scope and recent development in Industrial Geography; element and factors of localization of manufacturing industries. Classification of industries, theories of industrial location: Weber, Smith and Hoover; resource based and footloose industries. Environmental degradation caused by manufacturing industries; industrial hazards and occupational health; role of globalization on manufacturing sectors.

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6. Unit - VI
   1. Geography of Transport: Transport network; Models of transportation and transport cost; accessibility and connectivity; spatial patterns of flow. Development of costal and inland water ways with special reference to India.

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7. Unit – VII
   1. Political Geography: Definition and scope of political geography; geopolitics; global strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories); concept of nation, state and nation-state; boundaries and frontiers; politics of world resources; geography and federalism; geo-political significance of Indian Ocean.

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8. Unit-VIII
   1. Social Geography: Nature and scope of social geography; social structure and social processes; elements of social geography: ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language, caste and religion; concept of social well-being.

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9. Unit-IX
   1. Cultural Geography: Nature and scope of cultural geography; environment and culture; concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; theories of tribal groups; environment impact on dwelling places as cultural expressions. Problems arising due to cultural diffusion; racism and terrorism.

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10. Unit -X
    1. Statistical Method: Data sources and type of data; study of frequency distribution measures of central tendency; selection of class intervals for mapping; measures of dispersion and concentration; standard deviation; lorenz curve; methods of measuring association among different attributes; simple and multiple correlation; regression- parametric and non-paramatric tests.
    2. Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; nearest-neighbour analysis; scaling techniques; rank score; weighted score; sampling techniques for geographical analysis. Models in geography: Simulation model, random walk diffusion model and Markov chain model.