Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces;
Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance;
Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors;
Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's Law, interference, coherence, and diffraction;
Dispersion relations in plasma;
Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations;
Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields;
Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials.
Electronics
Physics of P-N junction, Diode as a circuit element, clipping and clamping, Rectification, Zener regulated power supply
Transistor as a circuit element, CC, CB and CE configuration, Transistor as a switch,
Feedback in amplifiers, Oscillators, FET, MOSFET and their applications,
Operational amplifiers and its applications, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, adder, integrator differentiator, wave form generator, multivibrators, comparator, Schmidt trigger.
Boolean Algebra, Digital integrated circuits: Logic gates, NAND and NOR gates as building blocks, X-OR gate, Half and Full adder circuits, Karnaugh map, Flip – Flops, counters and registers.
Circuit Analysis
Energy sources, Active and Passive elements, Kirchhoff's laws and their applications.
Four terminal networks, Z, Y and h parameters, Thevenin's and Norton's Theorem, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Reciprocity Theorem, Miller Theorem, T and PI Network,
Mean and rms values in AC circuits. LR, CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principal of transformer.
Atomic & Molecular Physics
Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment;
Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms;
Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen;
Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling;
Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect;
X-ray spectroscopy;
Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift;
Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules;
Frank-Condon principle and selection rules;
Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients;
Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation.
Condensed Matter Physics
Crystal structure, Miller Indices, Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor;
Bonding of solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat;
Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Einstein and Debye model,
Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity;
Boltzman transport equation, Sommerfield theory of electrical conductivity, Mathiessen's rule, Hall effect and thermoelectric power;
Origin of Atomic Magnetism, Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism;
Curie, Langevin and Quantum theories of magnetism,
Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, Kronig-Penny model, Effective mass, concept of holes, insulators and semiconductors;
Superconductivity, type- I and type- II superconductors, BCS theory, DC and AC Josephson Effects,
Semiconductor: laws of mass action, Impurity conductivity, Recombination mechanism, Photo conductivity and Photo luminescence.