Note :-

1. Duration of Paper: 3 Hours
2. All Questions carry equal marks.
3. Medium of Competitive Exam: Bilingual in English & Hindi
4. There will be Negative Marking.
5. Objective type paper .

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Syllabus : Agricultural Economics-I

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Unit 1: Economic Theory

1. Basic concepts of micro and macroeconomics
2. Economic theory, nature and tools of economic analysis
3. Theory of consumer behaviour
4. Production theory
5. Costs theory
6. Theory of firm
7. Price determination under different market forms
8. Price discrimination
9. Effects of taxation and subsidies under different market conditions
   1. Monopoly
   2. Duopoly
   3. Cournot model
   4. Oligopoly
10. Welfare economics
11. Market failure
12. Nature of macroeconomic analysis
13. National income
14. Consumption
15. Saving and investment
16. Employment
17. Theory of business cycle
18. Functions and demand for money
19. Inflation
20. Income and interest determination
21. IS-LM functions
22. General equilibrium analysis
23. Monetary and fiscal policies
24. Economic reforms

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Unit 2: Agricultural Development and Policy

1. Role of agriculture in economic development
2. Economic growth and development
3. Present development challenges
4. Theories of development
5. Role of economic, technological, social, political and environmental factors
6. Green GNP, nature, sources and impact of technological change
7. Theories of agricultural development
8. Growth models
   1. Harrod-Domar
   2. Neo-Classical
   3. Rostow's growth stages
9. Five-year plans and agriculture
10. Land reforms
11. Institutions and development
12. Agricultural growth analysis
    1. Determinants of agricultural growth
    2. Their measurements
13. Features of planning in capitalists, socialist and mixed economies
14. Role of infrastructure and technological change
15. Agricultural policy analysis and reforms
    1. Input and output price policy
    2. Credit policy etc
16. Policies and programmes for development of agro-industry, dairy and fisheries
17. Policy options for sustainable agriculture development
18. Measurement of poverty and poverty alleviation programmes

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Unit 3: Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

1. Characteristics and classification of natural resources
2. Sustainability issues in natural resources
3. Sources and types of pollution
   1. Air
   2. Water
   3. Solid waste
   4. Land degradation
4. Environmental and economic impacts
5. Property rights
6. Externalities
7. Transaction costs
8. Need for collective action
9. Role of economics in natural resources accounting
10. Planning, management and policy formulation
11. Social welfare function
12. Allocation of renewable and non-renewable resources
    1. Forests
    2. Fisheries
    3. Minerals
    4. Water
    5. Land etc.
13. Under various market structure
14. Valuation of non-market resources
15. Government programmes for conservation and development of natural resources
16. Environmental regulations

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Unit 4: Production Economics

1. Concepts of production economics
2. Basic principles of farm management
3. Marginal returns, opportunity cost, input-output, output-output and input-input relationships
4. Time comparison and comparative advantage
5. Cost principles
6. Farm efficiency measures and financial analysis
7. Farm planning and budgeting
8. Farm records
9. Management of risk and uncertainty in agriculture
10. Diversification and insurance in agriculture and allied sectors
11. Yield gap analysis
12. Forms, characteristics and applications of production functions
    1. Linear
    2. Quadratic
    3. Square root
    4. Spillman
    5. Cubic
    6. Semi-log
    7. Cobb-Douglas
    8. Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES)
    9. Variable Elasticity Of Substitution (VES) etc
13. Cost and profit functions
14. Derivation of supply and factor demand functions from production and profit functions
15. Optimization of resource allocation, resource-use efficiency and returns to scale
16. Frontier production function
17. Total factor productivity
18. Decision making under risk and uncertainties