Maxwell's equations: in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance.
Electromagnetic waves: in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel's Law, interference, coherence, and diffraction.
Dispersion relations: in plasma; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell's equations.
Dynamics of charged particles: in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials.
2. Electronics
Physics of P-N junction: Diode as a circuit element, clipping and clamping, Rectification, Zener regulated power supply.
Transistor as a circuit element: CC, CB and CE configuration, Transistor as a switch, Feedback in amplifiers, Oscillators.
FET, MOSFET and their applications: Operational amplifiers and its applications, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, adder, integrator differentiator, wave form generator, multivibrators, comparator, Schmidt trigger.
Digital integrated circuits: Boolean Algebra, Logic gates, NAND and NOR gates as building blocks, X-OR gate, Half and Full adder circuits, Karnaugh map, Flip – Flops, counters and registers.
3. Circuit Analysis
Basics: Energy sources, Active and Passive elements, Kirchhoff's laws and their applications.
Network Theorems: Four terminal networks, Z, Y and h parameters, Thevenin's and Norton's Theorem, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Reciprocity Theorem, Miller Theorem, T and PI Network.
AC Circuits: Mean and rms values in AC circuits. LR, CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principal of transformer.
4. Atomic & Molecular Physics
Atomic Structure: Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect; X-ray spectroscopy.
Molecular Spectroscopy: Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Frank-Condon principle and selection rules.
Lasers: Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients; Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation.
5. Condensed Matter Physics
Crystal Structure: Crystal structure, Miller Indices, Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat.
Electronic Properties: Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Einstein and Debye model, Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity; Boltzman transport equation, Sommerfield theory of electrical conductivity, Mathiessen's rule, Hall effect and thermoelectric power.
Magnetism: Origin of Atomic Magnetism, Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism; Curie, Langevin and Quantum theories of magnetism.
Band Theory: Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, Kronig-Penny model, Effective mass, concept of holes, insulators and semiconductors.
Superconductivity: Superconductivity, type- I and type - II superconductors, BCS theory, DC and AC Josephson Effects.
Semiconductors: Semiconductor: laws of mass action, Impurity conductivity, Recombination mechanism, Photo conductivity and Photo luminescence.
